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Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic
of the Sudan
conventional short form: Sudan
local long form: Jumhuriyat as-Sudan
local short form: As-Sudan
former: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan |
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Government type of the Sudanese
People:
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Government of National Unity (GNU) - the
National Congress Party (NCP) and Sudan People's Liberation Movement
(SPLM) formed a power-sharing government under the 2005
Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA); the NCP, which came to power by
military coup in 1989, is the majority partner; the agreement
stipulates national elections for the 2008 - 2009 timeframe.
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Capital of Sudan:
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Khartoum |
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Administrative divisions in Sudan
Northern Africa:
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26 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah);
A'ali an Nil (Upper Nile), Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrat
(Lakes), Al Jazirah (El Gezira), Al Khartum (Khartoum), Al Qadarif (Gedaref),
Al Wahdah (Unity), An Nil al Abyad (White Nile), An Nil al Azraq
(Blue Nile), Ash Shamaliyah (Northern), Bahr al Jabal (Bahr al Jabal),
Gharb al Istiwa'iyah (Western Equatoria), Gharb Bahr al Ghazal
(Western Bahr al Ghazal), Gharb Darfur (Western Darfur), Gharb
Kurdufan (Western Kordofan), Janub Darfur (Southern Darfur), Janub
Kurdufan (Southern Kordofan), Junqali (Jonglei), Kassala (Kassala),
Nahr an Nil (Nile), Shamal Bahr al Ghazal (Northern Bahr al Ghazal),
Shamal Darfur (Northern Darfur), Shamal Kurdufan (Northern Kordofan),
Sharq al Istiwa'iyah (Eastern Equatoria), Sinnar (Sinnar), Warab (Warab)
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Independence:
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1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 1 January (1956)
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Constitution of Sudan North
Africa:
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12 April 1973; suspended following coup
of 6 April 1985; interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended
following coup of 30 June 1989; new constitution implemented on 30
June 1998 partially suspended 12 December 1999 by President BASHIR;
under the CPA, Interim National Constitution ratified 5 July 2005;
Constitution of Southern Sudan signed December 2005 |
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Legal system in Sudan North
Africa:
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based on English common law and Shari'a
law; as of 20 January 1991, the now defunct Revolutionary Command
Council imposed Shari'a law in the northern states; Shari'a law
applies to all residents of the northern states regardless of their
religion; some separate religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations; the southern legal system is still
developing under the CPA following the civil war; Shari'a law will
not apply to the southern states |
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Suffrage:
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17 years of age; universal, but
noncompulsory |
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Executive branch of Sudan North
Africa:
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chief of state: President Field
Marshal Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First
Vice President Salva KIIR (since 4 August 2005), Vice President Ali
Osman TAHA (since 20 September 2005); note - the president is both
the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Field Marshal Umar Hassan Ahmad
al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First Vice President Salva KIIR
(since 4 August 2005), Vice President Ali Osman TAHA (since 20
September 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and
head of government
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president;
note - the National Congress Party or NCP (formerly the National
Islamic Front or NIF) dominates al-BASHIR's cabinet
elections: election last held 13-23 December 2000; next to be
held no later than July 2009 under terms of the 2005 Comprehensive
Peace Agreement
election results: Field Marshall Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR
reelected president; percent of vote - Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR
86.5%, Ja'afar Muhammed NUMAYRI 9.6%, three other candidates
received a combined vote of 3.9%; election widely viewed as rigged;
all popular opposition parties boycotted elections because of a lack
of guarantees for a free and fair election
note: al-BASHIR assumed power as chairman of Sudan's
Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation (RCC) in June
1989 and served concurrently as chief of state, chairman of the RCC,
prime minister, and minister of defense until mid-October 1993 when
he was appointed president by the RCC; he was elected president by
popular vote for the first time in March 1996 |
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Legislative branch in Sudan North
Africa:
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bi-cameral body comprising the National
Assembly and Council of States (replaced unicameral National
Assembly of 360 seats); pending elections and National Election Law,
the Presidency appointed 450 members to the National Assembly
according to the provisions of the 2005 Comprehensive Peace
Agreement: 52% NCP; 28% SPLM; 14% other Northerners; 6% other
Southerners; 2 representatives from every state constitute the
Council of States; terms in each chamber are five years following
the first elections
elections: last held 13-22 December 2000 (next to be held
2008-2009 timeframe)
election results: NCP 355, others 5; note - replaced by
appointments under the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement
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Judicial branch of Sudan Africa:
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Constitutional Court of nine justices;
National Supreme Court; National Courts of Appeal; other national
courts; National Judicial Service Commission will undertake overall
management of the National Judiciary |
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Political parties and leaders of
the Sudanese People:
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political parties in the Government of
National Unity include: National Congress Party or NCP [Ibrahim
Ahmed OMAR]; Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM [Salva
Mayardit KIIR]; and elements of the National Democratic Alliance or
NDA including factions of the Democratic Union Party [Muhammad
Uthman al-MIRGHANI] and Umma Party [SADIQ Siddiq al-Mahdi]
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Political pressure groups &
leaders of Sudanese:
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Umma Party [Sadiq al-MAHDI]; Popular
Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI] |
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International organization
participation in Sudan North Africa:
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ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU,
COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA,
IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU,
ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
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Diplomatic representation in the
US from Sudan:
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chief of mission: Ambassador
(vacant); Charge d'Affaires, Ad Interim Khidir HAROUN (since April
2001)
chancery: 2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 338-8565
FAX: [1] (202) 667-2406 |
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Diplomatic representation from
the US to Sudan:
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chief of mission: Ambassador
Cameron HUME
embassy: Sharia Ali Abdul Latif Avenue, Khartoum
mailing address: P. O. Box 699, Khartoum; APO AE 09829
telephone: [249] (11) 774611 or 774700
FAX: [249] (11) 774137
note: US Consul in Cairo is providing backup service for
Khartoum; consular services are being established in Juba (southern
Sudan) |
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Flag description of Sudan:
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three equal horizontal bands of red
(top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the
hoist side |
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Government
and President of Sudan
